How are copper joints made when embedded in a subsurface floor?

Brazed joints are the appropriate choice for copper joints embedded in a subsurface floor because brazing involves joining metals by melting and flowing a filler metal into the joint. This method is particularly effective for copper piping because it creates a strong, durable connection capable of withstanding both pressure and temperature changes.

Additionally, when brazing, the temperature is higher than that used in soldering, allowing for a stronger bond that is less likely to fail over time, especially in applications involving hydronic heating or cooling systems that might encounter variations in stress. Brazing is also adept at sealing joints that may be exposed to corrosive environments, making it suitable for underground installations.

In contrast, soldering, while effective for many other applications, does not reach the strength levels required for subsurface installations where joint integrity is crucial. Welding joints generally require exposure to a clean environment and may not be feasible for the type of piping usually embedded in a floor. Pushed joints, often referred to as push-fit or push-to-connect fittings, rely on O-rings and do not provide the same high-strength bond as brazed joints, making them less ideal for applications where long-term reliability is essential.